Restoration and restitution of the early 20th century stained glass windows of Nuestra Señora de los Angeles Parish in Mexico City. Training in stained glass conservation for Mexican specialists

After the restoration work the angels shine in all their old glory.

Nuestra Señora de los Angeles is one of the most famous churches in Guerrero, a long-standing quarter in the historical part of Mexico City. Its founding history dates back as far as 1580, according to which a citizen named Izayoque found a canvas with an image of the Holy Mary in the ruins and copied it onto a clay wall. Later, the mural was reworked and incorporated into the church erected to the veneration of Mary and opened in 1808 – it swiftly became the centre of life in the community – until 2017, when the strongest of the three earthquakes in September led to the collapse of parts of the church’s dome, with its invaluable stained-glass windows.

Since the Nuestra Señora de los Angeles is an historical edifice of national significance, its preservation and the repair of the damage wrought by the earthquake are being jointly arranged and financed by the Episcopal Church, the Mexican Ministry of Culture, and the heritage protection authority Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH). In order to do justice to the church’s position as the heart of the local neighbourhood, local actors, neighbours, and parish members together developed a project plan as regards restoration of the dome and the repair and/or reconstruction of the coloured stained-glass windows. Prior to the quake, the dome boasted eight stained-glass windows painted with the hierarchy of the angels. Five sustained severe damage when the dome collapsed, three were completely destroyed. The glass-painting workshop run by Franz Xaver Zettler – who founded the Royal Bavarian Courtly Stained-Class Workshop – produced and installed windows, each of which had a diameter of three metres, between 1900 and 1913. To this day, the original design drawings are in the possession of Mayer‘sche Hofkunstanstalt in Munich, the workshop set up by Zettler’s father-in-law, meaning reconstruction faithful to the originals is possible.

The spires of the Church of Nuestra Señora de los Angeles
The central stained-glass window undergoing restoration
The restored window sections are registered and photographically documented.

The objective behind the pilot project supported financially by the Gerda Henkel Foundation and initiated by María del Carmen Castro Barrera, the national coordinator for cultural preservation in Mexico and director of INAH, in collaboration with Mayer’sche Hofkunstanstalt is to devise an intensive training course for Mexican restorers who are already specialized in stained-glass making. The course will provide participants with an extensive knowledge of the production of the windows, the complex steps for restoring them, and the specific conditions for preserving them. The task of the specialists who take the course will be first of all to restore[JG1]  one of the stained-glass windows that was destroyed and then, financed by the Mexican government, to start working on repairing and restoring additional windows.

In the Church of Nuestra Señora de los Angeles a workshop has now been set up which is busy documenting the state of the windows and conducting studies on the original techniques used to make them. Until the dome collapsed, the stained-glass windows had been exposed to environmental factors for over a century and had to be mechanically and physically/chemically cleaned, for example to free them to oxidation residues and bird fouling. Only once that was done was it possible to start putting the pieces together and to work on the coats of paint on the glass and start making the metal structures. The church’s dome is also being stabilized and the destroyed sections rebuilt, with financing from the state disaster fund, so that the windows can subsequently be returned to their original places. The close involvement of the local population in all measures to repair the earthquake damage is expected to provide long-term prospects for preserving the church that is so important to Mexico City. Once the work on and in Nuestra Señora de los Angeles has been completed, the experts who received the special training during the project will also be at hand to help preserve the various stained-glass windows in other historical buildings that are part of Mexico’s national cultural heritage and will themselves run further training for others in this field.

Project leadership

María del Carmen Castro Barrera

Institution

Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City

Support

The Gerda Henkel Foundation supports the project by coveringthe costs of personnel, travel and material.